EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Indeed, while previous studies in unselected patients failed to demonstrate such a benefit, three recent independent phase III trials in EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients established a clear superiority for the association of gefitinib or osimertinib with carboplatin and pemetrexed, compared to EGFR-TKI alone, albeit at the expense of a higher toxicity18–20.