Except in oral squamous cell and colorectal cancer, where it is not overexpressed, S100A16 is upregulated in several tumor types, promoting increased cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis through multiple molecular pathways, including PI3K-Akt, MAPK-ERK, JNK/p38, and EMT signaling [32]. Here, MAPK8 is linked to colorectal cancer.