Except in oral squamous cell and colorectal cancer, where it is not overexpressed, S100A16 is upregulated in several tumor types, promoting increased cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis through multiple molecular pathways, including PI3K-Akt, MAPK-ERK, JNK/p38, and EMT signaling [32]. The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is neoplasm.