Decreases in Neisseria relative abundance associated with increased expression of TNFSF11 (a.k.a. RANKL), a NFκB ligand that is increased in BE-associated HGD and EAC.23 Taken together, these findings suggest that lower esophageal microbiome alterations in BE-associated dysplasia and EAC associate with inflammatory and other pro-neoplastic changes to gene expression. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and Barrett esophagus.