However, the biological effects of distinct bile acids vary; for example, the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid promotes colonic neoplasia, whereas ursodeoxycholic acid has anti-inflammatory properties.2,3 In the L2-IL1B mouse model of BE/EAC, administration of deoxycholic acid accelerates the development of neoplasia.4 Inhumans, however, whether distinct bile acids (primary vs. secondary, conjugated vs. unconjugated) have differing effects on the development of EAC are unknown. Here, IL1B is linked to Barrett esophagus.