Although several missense polymorphisms in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes (including BRCA1 Gln356Arg, Pro871Leu, Glu1038Gly, Ser1613Gly, Met1652Ile, and BRCA2 Asn289His, Asn372His, Asp1420Tyr, Tyr1915Met) have been hypothesized to influence cancer susceptibility, Dombernowsky et al. concluded that the increased risk of breast and/or ovarian cancer observed in hereditary cancer families cannot be explained solely by heterozygosity or homozygosity of any of these nine variants [26]. This evidence concerns the gene BRCA1 and cancer.