TNF and acute kidney injury: Cytokines of particular interest include interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and interleukin-10 (IL-10), each having been linked to mortality in conditions such as acute cardiac events [25], renal failure [26], sepsis [27], ARDS [28,29], and notably COVID-19 [30].