In particular, SIN synergistically inhibits synovial proliferation and neovascularization by targeting GBP5/P2X7R-NLRP3 (Li et al., 2023), AMPK/Keap1-Nrf2 (Liao et al., 2021; Li et al., 2023), CRMP2 (Yu et al., 2024), PDGF/PDGFR (Zhang et al., 2024), NF-κB (Yi et al., 2021; Shang et al., 2023) and PI3K/Akt pathways (Liu Q. et al., 2024), which provides a new perspective on RA pathology. The gene discussed is PDGFRB; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.