INS and obesity disorder: Interaction analysis (BMI × time) revealed that the obesity group experienced significantly greater reductions in weight (p < 0.001), BMI (p < 0.001), fasting insulin (p = 0.002), FBG (p = 0.023), and HOMA-IR (p = 0.001), along with improved insulin sensitivity (QUICKI, p < 0.001), compared to the nonobesity group.