Several pathways involved in innate and adaptive immune and inflammatory response (i.e., T helper cell differentiation, Th1 and Th2 activation pathway, communication between innate and adaptive immune cells and differential regulation of cytokine production in intestinal epithelial cells by IL-17A and IL-17F) and metabolism (i.e., TCA cycle II (Eukaryotic), gluconeogenesis I, aspartate degradation II and pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides De Novo biosynthesis) were constructed by the gene products in the candidate regions for IBD susceptibility (Figure 1 and Supplementary Table 7). Here, IL17A is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.