CSMD1 and epilepsy: In the current study, we found that some candidate genes from the GWAS approach might be involved in the mechanisms of epilepsy, such as CSMD1, CARS2, ADCY7, and GRIK2. Previous studies revealed that CSMD1 may play an important role in cognitive functions, schizophrenia, and Parkinson’s disease (39, 40), affect the ratio between dopamine and serotonin metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (41), and provide a link between the immune system and neuronal processes (42).