P. gingivalis induces high expression of GSK-3β, silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and mitochondrial ribosomal protein S5 (MRPS5) in ESCC, and promotes oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (mtOXPHOS) to produce large amounts of ATP (as shown in Figure 3). The gene discussed is MRPS5; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.