One of the primary mechanisms by which cancer cells acquire multidrug resistance is through the overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) (Li et al., 2015; To et al., 2024). Here, ABCB1 is linked to cancer.