IRGM was found to be induced by IFN-γ in IRG-deficient mice and to play a role in the clearance of bacteria such as Toxoplasma gondii, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella. During infection, human IRGM and murine IRGM1 activate autophagy by recruiting autophagy and SNARE (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor adaptor protein receptors) bridging proteins to promote cell-autonomous defense (112). The gene discussed is IRGM; the disease is infection.