PKM and hepatocellular carcinoma: In hepatocellular carcinoma, PKM2 is regulated via multi-level mechanisms including transcriptional activation by YAP through HIF-1α, post-translational modifications by HSP90 and GSK-3β that stabilize its dimeric conformation, and nuclear functions involving PRMT6 and STAT3 signaling to amplify aerobic glycolysis (15–18).