Conversely, several agents, including AU-rich element ARE-binding factor 1 (AUF1) (103), mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes (88), ferulic acid (104), and sufentanil (105), Ciprofol (106), and Anemonin (93) activate NRF2, thereby inhibiting AEC inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular ferroptosis and apoptosis, ultimately alleviating bacterial Sepsis-Associated ALI progression. Here, NFE2L2 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.