Significantly, regulatory bodies, such as the FDA, have approved multiple protein biomarkers for cancer detection, including OVA1 for ovarian cancer risk evaluation [133], DCP and AFP-L3 for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis [134] and CancerSEEK for eight cancer types of detection [135] etc., leveraging proteomics to enhance existing markers (Table S1). Here, ACE is linked to cancer.