For example, AAV-LIGHT vectors targeting endothelial cells in the tumor vasculature and expressing the lymphocyte recruiting cytokine LIGHT, induced CD8 T cell infiltration that prolonged survival in murine GB.19 AAV6 transduction of astrocytes to express chemokine CXCL9 increased tumor infiltration of cytotoxic lymphocytes when combined with anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade.20 Combination therapies are clearly needed to activate multiple immune components. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.