CD274 and neoplasm: Clinical trials with therapeutic i.t. IL-12 expression suggested that the activity of CD8POS T cells was rapidly diminished due to the PD-L1-rich GB environment.21 Rather than inhibiting immunosuppression with ICI, which failed to enhance IL-12-mediated survival in GB patients,10–16 here we aimed to boost survival by providing a co-stimulatory molecule to support tumor-associated CD8POS T cells directly, or indirectly through DCs.