CD274 and neoplasm: Despite this therapy, patients still progressed over time, and a local increase in PD-L1 was observed.21 To counteract this induced immune suppression, a combined therapy of IL-12 and the ICI nivolumab was explored but did not lead to extended survival in phase 2 clinical trials.24 Instead of focusing on blocking the immunosuppressive signaling by tumor cells and the TME,21,25 efforts could be redirected toward enhancing the activity of anti-tumor cells associated with GB.