Additionally, various cytokines involved in the TGF-β signaling activation, such as the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), IL-1, the Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) and Platelet-Derived Growth Factors (PDGFs), contribute to the induction of fibrosis but also to wound healing/myofiber repair [54, 58], which simultaneously occur in p. major with myopathies. Here, TNF is linked to myopathy.