MSC-EVs carrying miR-20b inhibited nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) and inactivated the TLR signaling pathway, thus significantly mediating the immune response.227 The current treatments for MTB, especially multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB, are costly and ineffective. Here, NFAT5 is linked to tuberculosis.