TNF and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Moreover, both MSC-Hypo and MSC-Hyper reduced IL-6 and TNF-α levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and only MSC-Hyper reduced overall clinical outcomes, including weight loss and clinical scores.209 MSCs have the potential to mitigate ARDS and diminish pulmonary inflammation; however, the ablation of vimentin has been shown to impair the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs in ARDS.