These findings align with the findings of Xie et al.,157 who reported a decrease in TNF-α, IL-12, and VEGF levels; an increase in IL-10 levels; and increases in transmural inflammation, epithelial cell exhaustion, disseminated fibrosis, local loss of crypts, colon thickness, and weight gain in CD mice following AD-MSC or BM-MSC treatment. Here, VEGFA is linked to Alzheimer disease.