The relationship between EQ-5D-3L-LSS and clinical outcomes aligns with prior studies demonstrating a correlation between EQ-5D scores and disease-specific HRQL measures, including the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), KCCQ, and NYHA functional class.19,24-28 Patients with worse baseline EQ-5D-3L-LSS had a significantly greater risk of adverse HF outcomes, even after adjusting for established prognostic markers such as NT-proBNP levels. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and heart failure.