Therefore, we hypothesize that the protein expression levels of ERK1/2, p38, β‐catenin, and E‐cadherin, as well as miRNAs 106a‐5p and 375‐3p, differ significantly between prostate cancer and BPH tissues, and that these molecular differences may reflect the involvement of MAPK and Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathways in prostate cancer progression. The gene discussed is MAPK1; the disease is benign prostatic hyperplasia.