CXCL8 and colorectal carcinoma: Elevated IL-8 levels have been associated with poorer outcomes in other cancers, including non–small cell and small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC and SCLC, respectively),31,40 colorectal cancer (CRC),41 metastatic urothelial carcinoma,29 melanoma31 and metastatic prostate cancer (PCa).