For instance, Bower et al. (2011) showed that breast cancer survivors with persistent fatigue had elevated levels of inflammatory markers including TNF-α and IL-6, and Capuron et al. (2012) demonstrated associations between cytokine levels and fatigue severity in patients receiving interferon-α therapy (Capuron et al., 2011; Bower et al., 2011). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is breast carcinoma.