Using the fixed-effects model and IV method for analysis, the pooled results revealed that anti-MDA5 antibody (OR = 6.044, 95% CI: 4.331–8.435, p < 0.001) and anti-Ro-52 antibody (OR = 2.425, 95% CI: 1.807–3.255, p < 0.001) were associated risk factors for RP-ILD development in IIM patients, while anti-Jo-1 antibody (OR = 0.650, 95% CI: 0.349–1.210, p = 0.174), anti-TIF1-γ antibody (OR = 0.526, 95% CI: 0.194–1.427, p = 0.207), and anti-Ku antibody (OR = 1.099, 95% CI: 0.316–3.821, p = 0.883) had no significant association. The gene discussed is TRIM21; the disease is interstitial lung disease.