For instance, Patel et al. reported that RA patients harboring the TGF-β1 + 869 T allele (rs1982073)exhibited 28% higher serum UA concentrations and heightened systemic inflammation compared to wild-type counterparts—findings potentially mediated through enhanced TGF-β1 signaling and impaired UA renal excretion (15). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.