CASP1 and benign prostatic hyperplasia: Although pyroptosis research in BPH remains limited, accumulating evidence implicates its role: (1) Elevated IL-1β and IL-18 levels in BPH tissues (128); (2) High caspase-1 expression (71.4%) in BPH patients (129); (3) NLRP3 inflammasome activation in proliferating prostate cells (130).