TGFB1 and benign prostatic hyperplasia: The antagonism of TNF can reduce macrophage-mediated inflammation, TRAF6 can affect the proliferation of prostate cells through the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, CXCL10 is overexpressed in the prostate, IL-8 induces autocrine or paracrine proliferation of BPH cells, IL-6 and IL-17 promote fibromuscular growth by inducing COX-2 expression, IL-17 can regulate the mPGES-1/PPAR-γ pathway in monocytes and macrophages, IL-15 can induce the proliferation of T lymphocytes, IFN-γ promotes the production of IL-15, and TGF-β promotes the mesenchymal-epithelial cell axis response, among others.