Prdx3 critically underpins autophagy-OS dysregulation in BPH: (1) Prdx3 upregulation inhibits mitophagy and suppresses ROS scavenging, paradoxically elevating mitochondrial OS despite its antioxidant role (144); (2) Prdx3 knockdown increases mitochondrial ROS but activates protective mitophagy and inhibits NLRP3 inflammasomes, reducing pyroptosis (144, 145); (3) In prostatic neoplasia, Prdx3 promotes cell survival by reducing OS, highlighting its context-dependent functions (146). The gene discussed is PRDX3; the disease is benign prostatic hyperplasia.