CAFs in BoM actively recruited and remodeled immune cells to establish an immunosuppressive microenvironment through mechanisms such as: recruiting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs); promoting regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Th2 polarization; inhibiting cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) infiltration and dendritic cell (DC) function; remodeling ECM and activating focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling to block T cell entry into the tumor core; and secreting immunometabolites to suppress immune responses. Here, PTK2 is linked to neoplasm.