They promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of breast cancer cells and enhance their invasive and migratory capabilities through secretion of pro-inflammatory factors such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-32 (IL-32), as well as exosomal microRNAs and proteins. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and breast carcinoma.