Cytochrome c release and the subsequent activation of caspase-3 have been shown to occur in cardiomyocytes, in cases of human cardiomyopathy, during hypoxia-induced apoptosis in adult rat ventricular myocytes, in the induction of monocyte inflammation, and in the development of AS, contributing to peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) (Narula et al., 1999; de Moissac et al., 2000; Chen Y. C. et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2021). Here, CYCS is linked to cardiomyopathy.