MIF and neoplasm: Although some MIF-targeting therapies have been evaluated in CRC models with established tumors and have shown mild to moderate efficacy [16, 55], most in vivo studies using genetically modified mice to date have been conducted in a preventative setting with constitutive Mif knockout models [17, 18, 39, 56], or in a hepatocyte-specific Mif deletion initiated before tumor formation [57].