PDCD1 and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Since PD-1/PD-L1 and TIGIT are upregulated on infiltrating CD8+ T cells in BTC, dual immunotherapy is worth exploring in this disease population.24,25 Our previous research also found that high PD-L1 and TIGIT dual expression linked to worse OS in patients with ICC (Pei YZ et al., Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, unpublished data; supplementary Fig. 3), suggesting that combined anti-TIGIT and PD-L1 therapy may represent a promising approach for treating ICC.