For instance, TGF-β promotes neutrophil recruitment by upregulating the expression and secretion of CXCL5 in hepatocellular carcinoma (Haider et al., 2019), while it suppresses the secretion of CXCL1 by mesenchymal stromal cells (Rodríguez et al., 2015). Here, CXCL5 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.