A second patient was a 17-month-old female with treatment-refractory SJIA and smouldering MAS who had received treatment with both anti-IL6 and anti-IL1 blockade, in addition to cyclosporine, before progressing to etoposide as a bridge to allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation [49]. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis.