S100A8 and Epstein-Barr virus infection: The results showed that both H. pylori strains SS1 (CagA+/VacA+), NCTC11637 (CagA+/VacA+), and NCTC12908 (CagA−/VacA+) and EBV infection alone or co-infection led to reduced growth of NGOs compared to the mock group (Fig. 2A and B).