SDHB and ischemia: Under this condition of glycometabolic substrate depletion, only succinate accumulated in ischemia brain tissues (Figure 4E) which is considered as a universal metabolic signature of ischemia.[24] However, the content of succinate had no significant difference between tMCAO group and sham group after reperfusion (Figure 4J) companied with elevated level of fumarate, malate in tMCAO group (Figure 4K,L), which indicated that accumulated succinate oxidized by succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) during reperfusion.