INS and cancer: Functional enrichment analysis of kinases with decreased phosphorylation following lovastatin treatment revealed significant involvement in several key signaling pathways, including insulin signaling (p adjusted [adj] = 4.396 × 10−8), EGFR signaling (p adj = 1.395 × 10−8), ERBB signaling (p adj = 2.303 × 10−8), FOXO signaling (p adj = 2.940 × 10−8), mTOR signaling (p adj = 4.396 × 10−8), PI3K/AKT signaling (p adj = 2.296 × 10−6), and PD-L1 expression and the PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer (p adj = 8.690 × 10−10) (Figure 1A).