In addition, Duhuo Jisheng decoction (Liu et al., 2018), Yishen Huoxue Tongluo decoction (Xiao et al., 2021), berberine (Lu et al., 2019), curcumin (Cherif et al., 2019), and halofuginone (Luo et al., 2018) can inhibit the apoptosis of NPCs through the Nf-κb signalling pathway to alleviate IDD. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is intervertebral disk degenerative disorder.