SCN1A and infantile spasms: DEE encompasses a wide range of epilepsy syndromes, including infantile epileptic spasm syndrome [IS; also known as West syndrome (WS)], Ohtahara syndrome (OS), Dravet syndrome (DS), Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS), epilepsy with myoclonic-atonic seizures (EMAS), continuous spike-and-wave during slow-wave sleep (CSWS), and Landau-Kleffner syndrome, as well as epilepsy associated with pathogenic mutations in genes such as SCN1A, KCNQ2, STXBP1, and SCN2A. Numerous studies have shown that KD is effective in managing these syndromes (7–9).