In the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, PA intervention increases short-chain fatty acids derived from gut microbiota (such as butyrate), inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation, and promotes the transformation of microglia toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2), thereby alleviating demyelinating lesions (Parodi and Kerlero de Rosbo, 2021; Nakhal et al., 2024). Here, STAT3 is linked to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.