Another recombinant cytokine, IFN-α, approved for therapy of AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma, melanoma after surgical resection, hairy cell leukemia, and renal cell carcinoma in combination with Avastin46–48, directly inhibits the proliferation and function of tumor cells, increases the expression of tumor-associated antigens on tumors, activates dendritic and NK cells, and creates conditions favoring anti-tumor immunity by stimulating cross-priming of cytotoxic T cells by DCs49–51. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is neoplasm.