Moreover, the pro-inflammatory chemokine monocyte-chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), typically linked to AAA inflammation, was significantly elevated in the aortic tissue of the PPE, Pap and PPE+Pap groups compared to the saline group (p = 0.04, 0.003 and 0.0003 respectively; Figure 1I). The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is triple-A syndrome.