INS and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Recent studies have revealed that ectopic ORs can regulate a variety of metabolic events, including insulin secretion, glucagon secretion, fatty acid oxidation, lipogenesis, and thermogenesis.[13] The activation of Olfr544, a hepatic ectopic olfactory receptor, was reported to induce lipolysis in white adipose tissue and fatty acid oxidation in the liver.[14] Therefore, we speculate that agonists targeting Olfr544 may become a focal point of ongoing research and development efforts for treating NAFLD.