CD133-expressing HCC stem cells are also implicated in liver tumorigenicity and resistance to radiotherapy, primarily due to the activation of key signaling pathways, including AKT/Protein kinase B (PKB), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)12, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/PI3K13. This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.