In the GEA validation cohort, MOFI-FL achieved a slightly higher AUROC (0.78, 95%CI: 0.72–0.83,) than these indices, whose AUROCs were as follows: FLI (0.70, 95% CI: 0.65–0.77), HSI (0.72, 95% CI: 0.66–0.78), NAFLD-LFS (0.74, 95% CI: 0.69–0.80), and AST/ALT (0.67, 95% CI: 0.61–0.74) (Supplementary Fig. 8A). The gene discussed is GPT; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.