The cell type-specific markers we used for cell annotation were as follows: T cell (CD3D); NK cell (KLRD1 and NKG7); plasma cell (IGKC and JCHAIN); Mast cell (KIT and TPSB2); tumour cell (CA9, NDUFA4L2 and SLC17A3); endothelium (PECAM1, PTPRB and KDR); mesangial cell (ACTA2 and PDGFRB) [31] (Supplementary Figure 5E, 5F, 5G). Here, CA9 is linked to neoplasm.