Notably, survival-associated pathways such as FoxO, Hedgehog, p53, ErbB, and cAMP signaling were significantly upregulated in the border spots adjacent to PSF-cluster 1, which may reflect interactions with immune cells that activate survival mechanisms in the proliferative melanoma cells (Gajewski, Schreiber & Fu, 2013). This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and melanoma.