TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: For instance, the co-expression of TNF-α and MMP13 is considered a key driver of cartilage degradation,[19] while NF-κB signaling activity is associated with chronic inflammation in knee osteoarthritis.[9] TNF-α inhibitors such as etanercept and adalimumab have shown significant efficacy in treating rheumatoid arthritis, and their potential application in knee osteoarthritis is also receiving considerable attention.[20,21] However, further research is needed to optimize dosages, clarify side effects, and explore new treatment combinations.