Nearly a century ago, a study reported that approximately 50% of inpatients with schizophrenia had white blood cell (WBC) counts exceeding 10,000/μL in peripheral blood;[1] another study determined approximately 30% of 200 psychiatric inpatients had similar WBC elevations despite the absence of infection.[2] More recently, elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β have been observed in patients with schizophrenia, suggesting a strong association between inflammation and the disease’s etiology.[3,4]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is schizophrenia.