COL10A1 and neoplasm: Western blotting in primary cells showed higher COL10A1 levels in CAFs compared to adjacent normal fibroblasts (Fig. 3B), and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated co-expression of COL10A1 and α-SMA in CAFs (Primary Tumor: n = 5) (Fig. 3C), with widespread expression in advanced-stage CRC tissues (Paracancerous Normal: n = 35, StageI: n = 5, StageII: n = 10, StageIII: n = 13, StageIV: n = 7) (Fig. 3D).