COL10A1 and colorectal carcinoma: Co-culture experiments (Fig. 9F) further demonstrated that NU7441 significantly impaired the pro-tumorigenic effects of COL10A1+Fib-conditioned medium (CM) and recombinant COL10A1 protein (rCOL10A1), reducing CRC cell proliferation (Fig. 9G), M2 macrophage polarization (Fig. 9H), CD18/JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway activation (Supplementary Fig. 14C), and EMT marker expression (Fig. 9I).