In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the most lethal cancer types with increasing incidence [3], TGF-B is known to play a paradoxical role, i.e., it can be tumour-promoting (especially in late-stage, metastatic PDAC) or -suppressive [4, 5]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.