In the prospective analysis, a higher HO-1 serum concentration was associated with incident stroke in the entire study population (p < 0.001, mean follow-up time 9.7 ± 0.1 years) and in women separately (p = 0.001, mean follow-up time 9.7 ± 0.1 years) as seen in the Kaplan–Meier analysis (Fig. 3). Here, HMOX1 is linked to Stroke.