TNF and tuberculosis: This increased apoptosis is linked to the upregulation of apoptosis-related genes such as FADD, TNFSF10, FAS, TNFRSF10A, and TNFSF12, which are associated with the FAS, TNF, and XAF1 pathways, suggesting that these pathways may contribute to elevated monocyte apoptosis in severe TB cases [28].